Post hoc, ergo propter hoc
When a writer implies that because one thing follows another, the first caused the second, confusing sequence with causation.

Example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRJUvFG8gbE

Explanation:
In this video, Sheldon Cooper say that his mothers idea that her church group praying for him to arrive home safely is the reason he got home safely is wrong. Her idea is an example of post hoc fallacy. The purpose of this in this case is for her to reassure to her self that she is protecting her "little boy". This can be seen in novels, poems, and other types of literature. Post hoc fallacy has a great purpose of making someone feel as if they are, or did something to cause a second thing to happen, when in reality they probably did not.